Bystander Seizure Assistance: Quick Guide to Helping

If you see someone having a seizure, the first thing you want to do is keep them safe. Most seizures last under two minutes, and you can prevent injuries with a few easy actions. Stay calm, speak gently, and focus on protecting the person’s head and airway. Your role isn’t to stop the seizure—just to create a safe environment until it passes.

Start by clearing the area around the person. Move furniture, cords, or sharp objects out of the way. If they’re on the floor, place a folded jacket or a soft cushion under their head. This simple step can stop a nasty bump that could cause a cut or bruise.

What to Do When a Seizure Starts

First, note the time. If the seizure goes longer than five minutes, or if another seizure follows right away, call emergency services. While you wait, keep the person’s breathing clear. Gently turn them onto their side—this is called the recovery position. It helps fluids drain from the mouth and reduces choking risk.

Do not try to hold them down or put anything in their mouth. The myth about preventing tongue bites is just that—a myth. Their jaw may close a bit, but they won’t swallow their tongue. Let the movements happen, and focus on safety instead of control.Stay with them until the episode ends. Speak softly, letting them know you’re there. After the seizure, they may feel confused or sleepy. Offer reassurance, stay nearby, and answer any questions once they’re alert. If they have a medical ID bracelet or a known seizure condition, note it for caregivers.

What to Avoid and When to Call Help

Avoid crowding around the person. Too many people can increase stress and make it harder for you to do your job. Also, keep pets and children away—they might unintentionally intervene.

Call emergency services if the seizure lasts more than five minutes, if the person has trouble breathing, if they’re pregnant, have a head injury, or if this is their first seizure. These situations need professional medical attention right away.

Finally, after the incident, encourage the person to see a doctor if they haven’t already. A medical review can adjust medication or identify triggers, which reduces future episodes. Knowing these basics turns a frightening moment into a manageable one, and your calm actions can make all the difference.